霜降是二十四节气中的第十八个节气，每年公历10月23日左右。霜降是秋季最后一个节气，含有天气渐冷、初霜出现的意思。《月令七十二候集解》关于霜降说：“九月中，气肃而凝，露结为霜矣”。此时，中国黄河流域已出现白霜，千里沃野上，一片银色冰晶熠熠闪光，树叶枯黄，片片凋落。霜降也意味着冬天的开始，霜降时节，养生保健尤为重要，民间有谚语“一年补透透，不如补霜降”，足见这个节气对我们的影响。
Frost's Descent is the 18th solar term of the year, occurring around October 23rd on the Gregorian calendar each year. Frost's Descent marks the final solar term of autumn, signifying the gradual cooling of the weather and the appearance of frost. In the literature A Collective Interpretation of the Seventy-two Phenological terms, it says, In the middle of September, the air cools and condenses, and dew turns into frost. By this time, frost has already appeared in the Yellow River basin, covering the vast fields with glistening silver ice crystals. Tree leaves turn yellow and fall. Frost's Descent also indicates the beginning of winter. During this period, health and well-being are especially important, and there's a folk saying, It's better to nourish during Frost's Descent than to nourish all year long, highlighting its significance in our health.
气候特点 Climate Features
进入霜降节气后，深秋景象明显，冷空气南下越来越频繁。霜降不是表示“降霜”，而是表示气温骤降、昼夜温差大。“霜降”节气特点是早晚天气较冷、中午天气则比较热，昼夜温差大，秋燥明显。就全国平均而言，霜降，是一年之中昼夜温差最大的时节。进入霜降节气后，影响中国的冷空气活动越来越频繁，昼夜温差迅速增大。尤其在江南、华南地区，气温的起伏愈发明显；而西北、东北的部分地区早已呈现出一派“寒风落叶”的初冬景象。
After Frost's Descent, autumn comes to the fore, and the southward movement of cold air becomes more frequent. The name, Frost's Descent does not literally mean the appearance of frost; it signifies a sharp drop in temperature and significant temperature differences between day and night. The defining feature of the Frost's Descent solar term is that mornings and evenings are relatively cold, while midday can still be quite warm, leading to substantial temperature fluctuations and a noticeable dryness in the autumn air. All around the country, Frost's Descent witnesses the most significant temperature difference between day and night throughout the year. When Frost's Descent falls every year, the influence of cold air in China becomes more frequent, and the day-night temperature difference increases rapidly. Especially in the Jiangnan and Huazhong regions, temperature fluctuations become more pronounced. Meanwhile, in some areas of Northwest and Northeast China, early winter scenes of chilly winds and falling leaves have already set in.
霜降习俗 Customs and Practices
饮酒赏菊
Drink wine and appreciate floral beauty
在气象学上，一般把秋季出现的第一次霜叫做“早霜”或“菊花霜”，因为此时菊花盛开，正值赏菊的好时节。古有“霜打菊花开”之说，所以登高山，赏菊花，也就成为了霜降这一节令的雅事。南朝梁代吴均的《续齐谐记》上有记载。“霜降之时，唯此草盛茂”，因此菊被古人视为“候时之草”，成为生命力的象征。霜降时节正是秋菊盛开的时候，中国很多地方在这时要举行菊花会，赏菊饮酒，以示对菊花的崇敬和爱戴。
In meteorology, the frost that occurs in the early autumn is referred to as early frost or chrysanthemum frost because this is the time when chrysanthemums are in full bloom, making it the perfect season for admiring these flowers. There's an old saying, Frost hits, chrysanthemums bloom, which is why the tradition of climbing mountains to appreciate chrysanthemums became associated with Frost's Descent. In the book Continuation of the Qi Harmonious Records, Wu Jun notes, During Frost's Descent, only this one is flourishing, signifying the abundance of chrysanthemums during this time. Therefore, ancient people regarded chrysanthemums as the indicator of autumn and a symbol of vitality. Frost's Descent is precisely the season when chrysanthemums are in full bloom, and in many parts of China, chrysanthemum festivals are held during this time, where people come together to admire the flowers and enjoy wine, showing their respect and admiration for chrysanthemums.
在我国的一些地方，霜降时节要吃红柿子，在当地人看来，这样不但可以御寒保暖，同时还能补筋骨，是非常不错的霜降食品。霜降时节气候多变，泉州老人对于霜降吃柿子的说法是：“霜降吃丁柿，不会流鼻涕。”有些地方对于这个习俗的解释是：霜降这天要吃柿子，不然整个冬天嘴唇都会裂开。柿子一般是在霜降前后完全成熟，这时候的柿子皮薄肉鲜味美，营养价值高，但要注意应适量而止。
In some parts of China, during the Frost's Descent season, it's customary to eat persimmons. Local people believe that doing so not only helps keep them warm but also strengthens their muscles and bones, making it an excellent food choice for this time of year. The weather during the Frost's Descent season can be quite unpredictable. In the city of Quanzhou, there's a saying among the elderly: Eat persimmons during Frost's Descent, and you won't get a runny nose. In some regions, it's believed that if you don't eat persimmons on Frost's Descent, your lips might crack during the entire winter. Persimmons fully ripen around Frost's Descent. At this time, they have thin skin, delicious flesh, and high nutritional value. However, it's essential not to over-eat them.
吃鸭子 Having duck meat
在闽南、台湾地区，霜降这一天要进食补品，也就是北方常说的“贴秋膘”。闽南有句谚语，叫做“一年补通通，不如补霜降”，充分表达出闽台民间对霜降这一节气的重视。每到霜降时节，闽台地区的鸭子都会卖得非常火爆。
In the Minnan (Southern Fujian) and Taiwan regions, it is a tradition to consume nourishing food on the day of Frost's Descent, which is akin to the northern practice of gaining weight in autumn. There's a saying in Minnan that goes, It's better to nourish during Frost's Descent than to nourish all year long, emphasizing the significance of Frost's Descent in the local culture. During the Frost's Descent season, duck dishes become extremely popular in the Minnan and Taiwan regions.
吃
牛肉 Eating beef
广西玉林的居民习惯在霜降这天，早餐吃牛河炒粉，午餐或晚餐吃牛肉炒萝卜，或是牛腩煲之类的来补充能量，祈求冬天里身体暖和强健。除牛肉外，羊肉与兔肉也与霜降相宜。
In Yulin, a city of Guangxi, it's a tradition for residents to have specific beef dishes during the day of Frost's Descent. For breakfast, they enjoy Beef Chow Fun, which is a Cantonese stir-fried rice noodle dish with beef. For lunch or dinner, they might have dishes like beef stir-fried with radishes or beef stew to replenish their energy and wish for a warm and robust body during the winter. In addition to beef, lamb and rabbit meat are also considered suitable to eat during this time of the year.
登高远眺
Mountain climbing and sight-seeing
除了吃，其实霜降还有很多好玩的项目。“霜叶红于二月花”。霜降过后，枫树、黄栌树等树木在秋霜的抚慰下，开始漫山遍野地变成红黄色，如火似锦，非常壮观。大家一般都外出登山、欣赏美景。登高既可使肺的功能得到舒畅，同时登至高处极目远眺，心旷神怡，可舒缓心情。天高云淡，枫叶尽染，登高远眺，赏心悦目。
Apart from eating, there are plenty of enjoyable activities associated with Frost's Descent. Frost-kissed leaves look redder than February flowers. After Frost's Descent, trees like maples and sweetgums, caressed by the autumn frost, turn into a spectacular display of red and yellow, resembling a fiery landscape. People often venture out to climb mountains and admire these breathtaking sights. Mountain climbing not only provides a chance for the lungs to breathe freely but also offers a sense of relaxation and tranquility as you gaze into the distance from elevated vantage points. With the clear skies, colorful leaves, and distant views, mountain climbing can be a delightful experience.
《山行》
唐•杜牧
远上寒山石径斜，
白云生处有人家。
停车坐爱枫林晚，
霜叶红于二月花。
Going up the hill
Du Mu (Tang Dynasty)
A slanting stony path leads far to the cold hill;
Where fleecy clouds are born, there appear cots and bowers.
I stop my cab in maple woods to gaze my fill;
Frost-kissed leaves look redder than February flowers.
《咏廿四气诗 霜降九月中》
唐·元稹
风卷清云尽，空天万里霜。
野豺先祭月，仙菊遇重阳。
秋色悲疏木，鸿鸣忆故乡。
谁知一樽酒，能使百秋亡。
Frost in Mid-September
Yuan Zhen (Tang Dynasty)
Wind clears the sky so vast,
Frost spreads across, a winter cast.
Wild jackals praise the moon above,
Immortal chrysanthemums bloom with love.
Autumn's colors mourn the sparse trees,
Migrating geese, my hometown in memories.
《霜降前四日颇寒》
宋·陆游
草木初黄落，风云屡阖开。
儿童锄麦罢，邻里赛神回。
鹰击喜霜近，鹳鸣知雨来。
盛衰君勿叹，已有复燃灰。
Days Before Frost's Descent
Lu You (Song Dynasty)
Grass and trees turn yellow,
falling leaves grace the ground,
The wind and clouds open and close, a cycle profound.
Children finish their wheat harvesting,
the neighbors merry and bright.
Hawks delight in the approaching frost,
storks announce the rain's sight.
Success and failure, don't lament or wail,
Already, the ashes of revival are set to sail.
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